>>>>
ثبت
المراجع
إحصاء البروفيسور ليفان آليكسيدج عميد جامعة تبيليسي و رئيس "اللجنة
الجورجية الحكومية" المختص في قضايا التطهير العرقي و الإبادة
الجماعية في أبخازيا، مقابلة شخصية، تبيليسي،10 كانون الأول 1993
7. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Alexidze, Levan, Professor and Deputy Dean of the University
of Tbilisi and President of the Georgian State Committee on
Ethnic Cleansing and Genocide in Abkhazia. Personal interview,
Tbilisi, 10 December 1993.
Andrews, Peter Alford. Ethnic Groups in the Republic of Turkey.
Wiesbaden: Dr Ludwig Reich Verlag, 1989.
Asbarez on Line [Glendale]. 4 March 1996, quoting Pravda [Moscow].
4 March 1996.
Baydilli, Zehai, Leader of the Circassian Cultural Organization
in the Netherlands, affiliated with Kafkas DerneZi. Telephone
interviews, 1 February, 19 March 1996, 8 and 10 April 1996.
BBC Summary of World Broadcasts [London]. "'Caucasian Turks'
Hijack Ferry in Turkish Port Trabzon". 18 January 1996, quoting
TRT TV Ankara. 16 January 1996.
BBC Summary of World Broadcasts [London]. "Trabzon Hijackers
State their Case on Turkish TV". 18 January 1996, quoting Istanbul
Kanal-D Television [Istanbul]. 17 January 1996.
BBC Summary of World Broadcasts [London]. "Russia Warned Turkey
of Chechen Activity, Say Intelligence and Foreign Ministry Officials".
19 January 1996, quoting NTV [Moscow]. 17 January 1996.
Bezanis, Lowell. "Soviet Muslim Emigrés in the Republic of Turkey".
Central Asian Survey. Vol. 13, No. 1 ـ1994ـ. Pp. 59-177.
Birch, Julian. "The Georgian/South Ossetian Territorial and
Boundary Dispute" in John F.R. Wright, Susan Goldenberg, Richard
Schofield ـeds.ـ.
Transcaucasian Boundaries. London: University College London
Press, 1996. Pp. 151-189.
Bozkurt, Rauf, President of Kafkas DerneZi, Ankara. Telephone
interview, 9 February 1996.
Central Asian Survey. "Council of the Federation, Parliament
of the Russian Federation: Deputy, State Duma 1993-1995". Vol.
15, No. 1 ـ1996ـ. Pp. 119-20.
Chirikba, Viacheslav A., Plenipotentiary of the Republic of
Abkhazia. Personal interviews, Leiden, 28 December 1995, 16
and 20 January 1996; letter to the author, Leiden, 6 February
1996
Colarusso, John. "Abkhazia". Paper presented at the Conference
on the Contemporary North Caucasus. School of Oriental and African
Studies. University of London. 22-23 April 1993.
Corlu, Janet Mayragül. Circassians in Istanbul. Istanbul: Nart
Yayincilik, 1993.
Cumhuriyet [Ankara]. "Savalar Sona Ermeli". 18 January
1996.
Cumhuriyet [Ankara]. "Baskinda Hizbullah Kukusu". 19 January
1996.
Cumhuriyet [Ankara]. "Sorguya Alinmali". 20 January 1996.
Cumhuriyet [Ankara]. "Eylemciler, Sorguya Alinmali". 20 January
1996.
David, Bishop of Sukhumi. Personal interview, Tbilisi, 26 July
1991.
Furat, Kenan, University of Utrecht. Personal interview, Utrecht,
2 February 1996.
Golz, Thomas. Independent researcher on the Caucasus Region.
Electronic communication, 23 January 1996
Guvener, Omer Faruk, former teacher at the Chechen-Turkish College
in Grozny. Letter to the author, Redlands [California], 1 April
1996. ـElectronic communicationـ.
Hansen, Greg, former United Nations Volunteer based in Gali
region in 1994-95. Personal interview, Amsterdam, 1 April 1996.
Henze, Paul B. "Circassian Resistance to Russia" in Marie Benningsen
Broxup ـed.ـ. The North Caucasus Barrier. London: Hurst, 1992.
Pp. 62-112.
Hewitt, B.G. "Abkhazia: A Culture on the Brink". London, 1993.
Unpublished manuscript.
Hewitt, B.G. "Abkhazia: A Problem of Identity and Ownership".
Central Asian Survey. Vol. 12, No. 3 ـ1993ـ. Pp. 267-323.
Hewitt, B.G. "Demographic Manipulations in the Caucasus ـwith
Special
Reference to Georgiaـ". Journal of Refugee Studies. Vol. 8,
No. 1 ـ1995ـ. Pp. 48-74.
Human Rights Watch/Helsinki. Georgia/Abkhazia: Violations of
the Laws of War and Russia's Role in the Conflict. Vol. 7, No.
7. New York/Washington, March 1995.
InterPress Service. "Turkey-Russia: Ankara's Relief and Pride
at End of Crisis". 19 January 1996. ـElectronic versionـ.
Jaimoukha, Imad. Letter to the author, 6 May 1996 ـelectronic
communicationـ
Jaritsba, Ruslan, Mayor of Gagra. Personal interview, Gagra,
2 December 1993.
Kaf-Der Bülten [Ankara]. [Untitled item]. No. 19-20 ـMarch-April
1995ـ.
Kaf-Der Bülten [Ankara]. "Kaf-Der œubeleri". No. 19-20 ـMarch-April
1995ـ.
Kaf-Der Bülten [Ankara]. "Kaf-Der'in Kafkasya Polikasi". No.
19-20 ـMarch-April 1995ـ.
Kaf-Der Bülten [Ankara]. "Birlik ve Dayanima Yolunda".
No. 19-20 ـMarch-April 1995ـ.
Kaf-Der Bülten [Ankara]. "Dayanima Komitesi Faaliyet Raporlari".
No. 19-20 ـMarch-April 1995ـ.
Kaf-Der Bülten [Ankara]. "Kafkasya'da EZitim Olanaklari". August
1995.
Kaf-Der Bülten [Ankara]. "Kafkas DerneZi Genel Merkezi 1995-96
Faaliyet Programi". October 1995.
Kafkasya [Samsun]. "Türkiye'de Kuzey Kafkasyali'larla Ilgili
Yayinlar". January 1992.
Karny, Yo'av, publicist. Letter to the author, Washington, 22
April 1996.
Karpat, Kemal H. Ottoman Population, 1830-1914. Madison: University
of Wisconsin Press, 1985.
Kavsadze, Alexander, Deputy Prime Minister of Georgia. Personal
interview, Tbilisi, 8 December 1993.
Lakoba, Stanislav. "Abkhazia is Abkhazia". Central Asian Survey.
Vol. 14, No. 1 ـMarch 1995ـ. Pp. 97-106.
Marje [Ankara]. "Cerkeslerin ?rgütlenme Sorunlari". June 1992.
Marje [Ankara]. ?mer œahim. "Gündem". June 1992.
Marje [Ankara]. Hilmi Aççumy. "Cerkes MilliyetçiliZinin Esalari".
July 1992.
Marje [Ankara]. Mehmet Urun. "Adighe Cumhuriyeti". July 1992.
Marje [Ankara]. "Abhaz Delegasyonunun Abhazya Cumhuriyeti Incelemeleri".
August 1992.
Marje [Ankara]. Baykan S?nmez. "Bir ?zgürlük Okyanasudur DaZli
YüreZi Emperyalizmin Oyununu Mutlaka Bozacaktir". August 1992.
Marje [Ankara]. Abraham Cetaw. "Politik Yorum". August 1992.
Marje [Ankara]. Hilmi ?zen. "Anavatanda Bütünlemek". August
1992.
Marje [Ankara]. "Dünya Cerkes BirliZi TüzüZü". September 1992.
Marje [Ankara]. Letter of the Vice-Governor of the Province
of Istanbul, Erol G?kberg, dated 4 September 1992. September
1992.
Marje [Ankara]. S?nmez Baykan. "Bir Ulus Olmak, Bir Vatana Sahib
Olabilmek Için Birlemek Zorundayiz". October 1992.
Marje [Ankara]. Hilmi ?zen. "Bugün D?nü Amaç Olmaktan
Cikmitir". November 1992.
Marje [Ankara]. "Kafkas Konseyi Kuruldu". January 1993.Marje
[Ankara]. "Kafkas Konseyi Kuruldu". January 1993.
Marshania, Iorik, First Deputy Prime Minister of the Abkhazian
Republic ـanti-separatist Government of Abkhazia, in exileـ.
Personal interview, Tbilisi, 8 December 1993.
Milliyet [Ankara]. "Unlü Portreler". 18 January 1996.
Nadareishvili, Tamaz, Prime-Minister of the Government of Abkhazia
ـanti-separatist divisionـ, Sukhumi. Personal interview, 1 August
1992.
Nestman, L. "Die ethnische Differenzierung der Bev?lkerung der
Osttürkei in ihren sozialen Bezügen" in Peter Alford Andrews.
Ethnic Groups in the Republic of Turkey. Wiesbaden: Dr Ludwig
Reich Verlag, 1989. Pp. 543-580.
New York Times. Yo'av Karny. "Survival and Suicide in Russia's
Shadow". 28 January 1996.
?zbek, Batiray. "Tscherkessen in der Turkei" in Peter Alford
Andrews. Ethnic Groups in the Republic of Turkey. Wiesbaden:
Dr Ludwig Reich Verlag, 1989. Pp. 581-590.
?zen, Fazil, President of the Kafkas-CeCen Dayanima Komitesi.
Telephone interview, 12 April 1996.
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. "Former Russian Justice Minister
on his Resignation". 13 December 1994 ـelectronic versionـ.
Recep, Fathi, Member of the Board of the Circassian Cultural
Organization in the Netherlands, affiliated with Kafkas DerneZi.
Telephone interview, 8 April 1996.
Shamba, Sergei, Member of the Supreme Soviet and President of
the Abkhaz People's Forum, and Natela Akaba, Vice-President
of the Commission for Human Rights and Inter-Ethnic Relations
of the Supreme Soviet of Abkhazia, Sukhumi. Personal interview,
31 July 1991.
Smeets, Rieks. "Circassia". Central Asian Survey. Vol. 14, No.
1 ـMarch 1995ـ. Pp. 107-126.
Smeets, Rieks, Lecturer in Caucasian languages, University of
Leiden. Personal interview, 12 January 1996.
Taymaz, Erol, Associate Professor, Department of Economics,
Middle East Technical University of Ankara. Letter to the author,
6 May 1996.
Tucuncu, Mehmet, President of the S.O.T.A. Foundation, Haarlem.
Personal interview, 30 May 1996.
Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. Report of a
UNPO Mission to Abkhazia, Georgia and the North Caucasus. The
Hague, November 1992. Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization.
Report of a UNPO Mission to Abkhazia, Georgia and the North
Caucasus. The Hague, November 1992.
Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. "Report of a
UNPO Coordinated Mission to Abkhazia and Georgia". Central Asian
Survey. Vol. 14, No. 1. March 1995. Pp. 127-154.
Voronov, Yuri, historian, President of the Parliamentary Commission
on Human Rights and Inter Ethnic Relations of Abkhazia. Personal
interviews, Gagra, 1 December 1993; Gudauta, 4 December 1993.
Washington Post. Yo'av Karny. "Home away from Homeland: Around
the Middle East, the Resilient Chechens Have Made Their Mark.
25 May 1995.
Wesselink, Egbert. Minorities in the Republic of Georgia. Brussels:
Pax Christi International, 1992.
Yançatarol, Süleyman, Vice-President of Kafkas DerneZi, Ankara.
Telephone interview, 26 February 1996.
Yeni Kafkasya [Istanbul]. Muammer Tunce. "Gündem". March 1993.
With many thanks to the S.O.T.A. Foundation, Research Centre
for Turkestan, Azerbaijan, Crimea, Caucasus and Siberia, Haarlem,
the Netherlands, for use of its rich archives.
APPENDIX I: LIST OF NORTH CAUCASIAN ORGANIZATIONS142.
This list is far from complete, but it is believed that the
most important organizations are included.142
Abkhaz Kültür Derne?i One in Istanbul and one in Ankara. Both
linked to local organizations.
Abkhazia ile Dayani?ma Komitesi Also referred to as Kafkas-Abkhaz
Dayanima Komitesi. Founded in August 1992. Coordinating
body for support to the Abkhaz struggle for independence.
Alan Kültür ve Yardimla?ma Vakfi Ossetian, founded in 1990 in
Istanbul, has a branch in Ankara. Its president is Halis Asetey.
Alan Kültür ve Yardimla?ma Vakfi Ossetian, founded in 1990 in
Istanbul, has a branch in Ankara. Its president is Halis Asetey.
Cardak Derne?i Chechen Organization in Istanbul, people originating
from the village Cardak. They form the nucleus of the Kafkas-CeCen
Dayanima Komitesi.
Kafkasyalilar Kultur ve Yardimlasma Derne?i . Chechen, in Ankara;
the official name does not mention it is a Chechen association,
but members are almost exclusively Chechens.
Dostluk Klubü Derne?i Ankara; small grouping, established by
business people to improve cooperation between small businessmen
in Turkey and the North Caucasus. They have diverging ethnic
backgrounds; the Klubü is well integrated in Turkish society
and does not actively resist assimilation.
Dostluk Klubü Derne?i The same as above, but in Istanbul.
Istanbul Kafkas Kültür DerneZi One of the main organizations
in Istanbul.
Kafkas-Abhazya Kültür DerneZi Abkhazian, established in 1967.
Kafkas Derne?i Also known as Kaf-Der; President is Rauf Bozkurt;
the organization unites most of the local Kuzey Kafkasya Kültür
Dernekleri, which at present are in the process of changing
their names into Kafkas Dernegi [name of the place] œubesi .
With branches in Adana, Ankara, Antalya, Balikesir, Burhaniye,
Bursa, Orhangazi, Corum, Erbaa, Gaziantep, G?nem, Izmir, Ladik,
Mersin, Reyhanli, Sarkisla, Sincan, Sinop, Soma, Sungurlu, and
Susurluk. Kafkas Derne?i Also known as Kaf-Der; President is
Rauf Bozkurt; the organization unites most of the local Kuzey
Kafkasya Kültür Dernekleri, which at present are in the process
of changing their names into Kafkas Dernegi [name of the place]
œubesi . With branches in Adana, Ankara, Antalya, Balikesir,
Burhaniye, Bursa, Orhangazi, Corum, Erbaa, Gaziantep, G?nem,
Izmir, Ladik, Mersin, Reyhanli, Sarkisla, Sincan, Sinop, Soma,
Sungurlu, and Susurluk.
Kartal Kuzey Kafkasya Kültür ve Dayani?ma Derne?i Dagestani.
?amil E?itim ve Kültür Vakfi Small grouping, founded by well
integrated Northeast Caucasians; the organization used to be
close to right-wing Turkish nationalist circles and to strive
for the liberation of all "Turks" in the USSR; nowadays they
are more moderate in this respect.
Birlesik Kafkasya Konseyi Dernegi Caucasian Council, in Ankara;
President is Enver Kaplan. Retired bureaucrats have a majority
among its founding members. They follow a line close to Turkey's
official foreign policy.
Kafkas-CeCen Dayani?ma Komitesi The board is all-Chechen, but
many other North Caucasians and Turks are actively involved
in its work. President is Fazil ?zen. The committee was established
on 18 December 1994. Coordinating body for assistance to Chechnya.
The committee engages in political lobbying in support of the
Chechen struggle for independence. Kafkas-CeCen Dayani?ma Komitesi
The board is all-Chechen, but many other North Caucasians and
Turks are actively involved in its work. President is Fazil
?zen. The committee was established on 18 December 1994. Coordinating
body for assistance to Chechnya. The committee engages in political
lobbying in support of the Chechen struggle for independence.
Kafkas Dernegi Ankara œubesi Ankara branch of Kafkas Derne?i.
Until 1992, the organization published Kafdagi.
Samsun Kuzey Kafkasya Kültür Derne?i Samsun branch of Kafkas
DerneZi.
Other places with major organizations: Sakarya ـAdapazari, two
organizations in Adapazari, one Abkhazian, one Circassianـ,
Kayseri, Duzce one Abkhazian, one Circassian. Other places with
major organizations: Sakarya ـAdapazari, two organizations in
Adapazari, one Abkhazian, one Circassianـ, Kayseri, Duzce one
Abkhazian, one Circassian.
APPENDIX II: LIST OF SELECTED PERIODICALSAPPENDIX II: LIST OF
SELECTED PERIODICALS
Periodicals published by North Caucasians in Turkey tend to
be short lived. What follows is a selection of the most important
ones.
Kafda?i Bi-monthly organ of the Ankara Kuzey Kafkasya Kültür
DerneZi, led by Aslan Ari; main mouthpiece of the repatriation
ideal, ceased publishing in 1993. Kafda?i Bi-monthly organ of
the Ankara Kuzey Kafkasya Kültür DerneZi, led by Aslan Ari;
main mouthpiece of the repatriation ideal, ceased publishing
in 1993.
Kaf-Der Bülten Monthly organ of the Kafkas Derne?i
Kafkas Gerçe?i A quarterly, printed in Samsun that gives much
attention to political developments in the Caucasus. Opposed
to Turkification, but not very supportive of repatriation. Edited
by Sefer Berzeg
Kuzey Kafkasya Bi-monthly publication since 1970, Istanbul.
Expressing ethnic pride, but not pro-repatriation. Circulation
of about 1,500
Marje Leftist monthly, linked with Kafkas DerneZi. Ceased publishing
in 1994
Yeni Kafkasya Istanbul monthly, circulation in 1993 over 16,000
Kayseri Islamist periodical, published in Kayseri
APPENDIX 3: NORTH CAUCASIAN ORGANIZATIONS IN JORDAN
The Circassian Beneficial Society Established in 1932. The main
grouping for North West Caucasians - Kabarday, Abkhaz-Abaza,
Bzhadugh, Shapsugh, Abazaha, etc. The centre is in Amman with
a few other branches. The Women's branch runs a school ـ6-18
year oldsـ that teaches the Circassian language.
Al-Jeel Club Mainly a cultural group - dance, sport, etc. The
club sponsors the publishing of a nearly finished Circassian-English
and Circassian-Russian dictionary, edited by Amjad Jaimoukha
Al Ahli Club A sports club of North West Caucasians
Al Quqazi Club Another sports club, mainly Chechen
The Chechen Beneficial Society